图本章知识地图 + 山西中考考情
本章知识结构(一张图看懂):
山西作文三大类型 ┬─ 应用文:书信 / 邮件 / 通知 / 发言稿 / 倡议
├─ 记叙文:写人记事(一个经历 + 感悟)
└─ 议论文:观点对比 / 谈看法(观点 + 理由 + 结论)
评分四块(共 15 分):内容完整 5 + 语言准确 5 + 结构连贯 3 + 书写规范 2
万能骨架:开头点题 → 中间 2–3 个要点 → 结尾总结/呼吁
贯穿心法:宁可用简单句写对,不要用长句写错。先求对,再求好。
山西近 5 年作文怎么考(2021–2025)
| 年份 | 题目主题 | 文体 | 词数要求 |
| 2022 | 给笔友写邮件介绍校园生活 | 应用文(邮件) | ≥80 词 |
| 2023 | "好习惯"主题班会发言 | 应用文(发言稿) | ≥80 词 |
| 2024 | "Youth is a time for fighting" 国际沙龙发言 | 记叙+议论 | ≥80 词 |
| 2025 | 环保 / 低碳生活倡议 | 应用文(倡议) | ≥80 词 |
| 2026 | "Small steps" 迈出一小步突破自我 | 记叙文(经历+感悟) | ≥80 词 |
给中等生的话:你英语最弱,但作文是整张卷子上唯一一道"可以提前准备"的题——阅读和听力你押不到题,作文主题翻来覆去就是"成长、坚持、环保、友谊、好习惯"这几类。把三段式骨架和 20 个万能句背熟,考试时往题目上一套,11 分就到手了。别害怕写不出高级句子,写对简单句就是二类文;再加一个从句,就是一类文。
1评分标准:15 分到底扣在哪
知道老师怎么打分,你才知道力气往哪使。
知识点 1.1 四块评分,权重清清楚楚
| 评分维度 | 分值 | 你要做到 |
| 内容完整 | 5 分 | 题目给的每个要点都写到,漏一个直接掉档。题目说三点,你必须写满三点。 |
| 语言准确 | 5 分 | 时态、三单、主谓一致、大小写别犯大错。宁写简单句对,不写长句错。 |
| 结构连贯 | 3 分 | 用 first / besides / what's more / in a word 等连接词,让文章有顺序。 |
| 书写规范 | 2 分 | 字写工整、不涂黑疙瘩、词数够 80、不出现真实校名人名。 |
硬性红线(碰了就掉档):① 词数不够 80;② 出现真实人名/校名(一律用 Li Hua / our school);③ 漏掉题目要点;④ 卷面乱涂黑团。这四条,每条都值 1–2 分。
知识点 1.2 分档:一类文和二类文差在哪
| 档次 | 分数 | 长什么样 |
| 一类文 | 13–15 | 要点齐全、几乎无错、有 1–2 个高级句型(从句 / the more…the more / 强调句)、连接自然、卷面工整 |
| 二类文 | 10–12 | 要点齐全、少量小错、句子通顺但偏简单、无明显高级句 |
| 三类文 | 7–9 | 要点有遗漏、错误较多、句子零碎 |
| 四类文 | 0–6 | 要点不全、错误多、词数严重不够 |
采分点:你现在目标不是冲 14、15,而是稳稳站在二类上(11–12),再靠一个高级句摸一类边。一篇作文里只要出现一个定语从句或 the more…the more,阅卷老师就会高看一眼。
2万能三段式骨架——所有作文都能套
知识点 2.1 开头、中间、结尾各干什么
第 1 段(开头,1–2 句):点题。这篇文章要讲什么,一句话说清楚。
第 2 段(中间,4–6 句):展开。题目有几个要点就写几段,每个要点用连接词领起。
第 3 段(结尾,1–2 句):总结 / 呼吁 / 感悟。升华一下主题。
| 段落 | 写什么 | 开头句模板 |
| 开头·点题 | 亮观点 / 问候 / 说明写作目的 | As far as I'm concerned, …(就我而言……) I'm writing to tell you about …(我写信是想告诉你……) |
| 中间·展开 | 2–3 个要点,每个 1–2 句 | First, … / Besides, … / What's more, … |
| 结尾·升华 | 总结、呼吁、谈感悟 | In a word, …(总之……) I believe … if we keep trying.(我相信只要坚持……) |
知识点 2.2 万能开头结尾句型(背下来直接套)
开头句:
① As far as I'm concerned, … 就我而言,……
② It is important for us to … 对我们来说,……很重要。
③ I'm writing to invite you to … 我写信是想邀请你……(书信/邮件)
④ Nowadays, … is becoming more and more popular. 如今,……正变得越来越流行。
结尾句:
① In a word, … is the key to success. 总之,……是成功的关键。
② I believe we will … if we keep trying. 我相信只要坚持,我们就能……
③ Let's take action from now on! 让我们从现在行动起来吧!(倡议)
④ I'm looking forward to your reply. 期待你的回信。(书信结尾)
3提分两件套:高级替换词 + 连接词
知识点 3.1 把平淡词换成高级词
阅卷老师看腻了 good、very、think。不需要背大词,把这几组常用词换掉,文章立刻"高级"一档。
| 平淡词(别再用) | 高级替换词 | 例句 |
| good | excellent / wonderful / fantastic | She is an excellent student. |
| very | quite / extremely | The book is quite interesting. |
| think | believe / hold the view that | I believe that reading helps a lot. |
| happy | pleased / glad / joyful | I felt very pleased. |
| like | be fond of / be interested in | I am fond of English. |
| many | a number of / plenty of | There are plenty of books. |
| help | give sb a hand / assist | I often give my classmates a hand. |
| important | necessary / of great importance | It is necessary to learn English well. |
用法提醒:一篇作文里换掉 3–4 个词就够了,不要全文都用大词——用错反而扣分。把握不准时,宁可写对的简单词。
知识点 3.2 连接词——让文章有"骨架感"
并列/递进:First, … → Second, … → Besides, … → What's more, …(首先/其次/此外/而且)
转折:But, … / However, …(但是)
因果:Because …, so …(因为……所以……,注意 because 和 so 不能同时用!)
总结:In a word, … / All in all, …(总之)
最高频错误:because 和 so 连用!Because it rained, so we stayed at home. ✗ 两个连词只能留一个:Because it rained, we stayed at home. ✓ 这是山西作文阅卷一眼就能看到的硬伤。
知识点 3.3 常见时态错误
作文里时态错,是中等生丢分重灾区。记住三条:
| 情形 | 用什么时态 |
| 书信 / 邮件 / 谈看法 | 以一般现在时为主(I think…, I am…, I like…) |
| 讲自己的一次经历(Once, …) | 用一般过去时(I went…, I met…, I felt…) |
| 谈将来 / 呼吁 | 用 will + 动词原形(We will…, Let's…) |
想一想:"去年我参加了英语角"这句话,动词参加(join)该用 joined 还是 join?(有 last year,用过去式 joined)——讲故事时,全程都要记得用过去式。
真三类范文精讲(每篇配翻译 + 高分分析)
范文一:记叙文(2024 山西中考真题)
题目:主题 "Youth is a time for fighting" 的国际青少年交流沙龙,请你作为中国代表发言。内容包括:你认为青少年该是什么样;你一个奋斗的故事;奋斗的意义。不少于 80 词。
As young people, we should be brave, confident and creative, and the most important thing is to be willing to fight.
Last year, I often made mistakes when I did English reading. Remembering the teacher's words "the more we read, the better we will be", I decided to try. I spent all my free time on English reading. Whenever I read, I tried my best to understand the passages. Gradually, I made great progress.
It is fighting that makes us better and better. Fighting is the brightest color of youth.
参考译文:作为年轻人,我们应该勇敢、自信、有创造力,而最重要的是愿意奋斗。去年我做英语阅读时经常出错。记住老师说的"读得越多就越好",我决定试试。我把所有空闲时间花在英语阅读上,每次读都尽力理解文章。渐渐地,我取得了很大进步。正是奋斗让我们越来越好,奋斗是青春最亮的颜色。
为什么这篇拿高分?
① 三段式齐:第 1 段亮观点,第 2 段讲自己阅读提分的故事,第 3 段升华;三个要点全写到。
② 有高级句型:the more…the more…(越读越好)、It is…that…(强调句"正是奋斗")、whenever 引导从句——一处就够一类边。
③ 故事具体:有时间(last year)、有困难(常出错)、有行动(spend free time)、有结果(made progress)。你写作文就照"困难→行动→结果"套自己的事。
范文二:应用文(邮件 / 邀请类)
题目:你是李华,你的英国笔友 Peter 想来你的学校参观。请你写一封邮件,介绍学校、告诉他到校方式、邀请他参加学校英语角。不少于 80 词。
Dear Peter,
I'm glad to hear that you are coming to visit our school. Let me tell you something about it.
Our school is big and beautiful. There is a tall teaching building, a playground and a library. To get here, you can take the No. 5 bus and get off at the school gate. What's more, we have an English corner every Friday afternoon. I hope you can join us and practice speaking English with us.
I'm looking forward to your coming.
Yours,
Li Hua
参考译文:亲爱的彼得:听说你要来参观我们学校,我很高兴。让我给你介绍一下。我们学校又大又漂亮,有一栋教学楼、一个操场和一个图书馆。你可以坐 5 路公交车,在校门口下车。此外,我们每周五下午有英语角,希望你能来和我们一起练口语。期待你的到来。你的朋友,李华。
为什么这篇拿高分?
① 格式对:有称呼 Dear Peter、结尾署名 Yours, Li Hua——应用文格式分就拿到了;
② 要点全:介绍学校(building/playground/library)、到校方式(take No.5 bus)、邀请英语角,三个要点一个不漏;
③ 连接词:Let me… / What's more… / I hope… 过渡自然。
★ 应用文提醒:开头 I'm writing to… / I'm glad to…,结尾 I'm looking forward to…,这两句背下来,任何邮件都能套。
范文三:议论文 / 倡议(环保类)
题目:学校英语报以"低碳生活,从我做起"为题征稿。请写一篇短文,谈谈为什么要低碳生活、我们中学生能做什么。不少于 80 词。
Now, the environment is becoming worse and worse, so it is important for us to live a low-carbon life.
First, we can go to school by bike or on foot instead of taking cars. Second, we should save water and electricity in our daily life. Besides, remember to sort the rubbish and never throw it everywhere. What's more, we can plant more trees to make the air fresher.
In a word, if everyone does a little, our world will become more and more beautiful. Let's take action from now on!
参考译文:现在环境越来越差,所以过低碳生活对我们很重要。首先,我们可以骑车或步行上学,而不是坐车。其次,日常生活中要节约用水用电。此外,记得垃圾分类,不乱扔垃圾。而且,我们可以种更多树让空气更清新。总之,如果每个人都做一点,世界会越来越美。让我们从现在行动起来!
为什么这篇拿高分?
① 连接词排比:First… Second… Besides… What's more… 四个要点排得整整齐齐,结构分拉满;
② 结尾呼吁:In a word… + Let's take action! 倡议文体就该这样收尾;
③ 用了高级结构:比较级 the + 比较级,the + 比较级(worse and worse / more and more beautiful)。
★ 背诵价值:环保类作文(低碳、节水、垃圾分类、植树)是山西高频题,这篇几乎可以直接背下来套题。
技写作技巧专题(20 分钟怎么分配)
技巧 ①:3 分钟列提纲
拿到题目,先在草稿纸上圈出题目给了几个要点,用中文快速写三个词:开头写啥、中间分几点、结尾写啥。比如题目三点要求,中间就一定分三段。不打提纲直接写,最容易漏要点。
技巧 ②:12 分钟写正文
用三段式,每段先写连接词(First… / Besides…)。遇到不会的词,换个简单说法:想说"环境"不会写 environment,就写 the world around us;不要卡死一个词,作文是流水作业。
技巧 ③:5 分钟检查清单
□ 题目几个要点都写到了?(数一遍)
□ 词数够 80 吗?
□ 有没有真实人名/校名?(有就改成 Li Hua / our school)
□ 动词时态对吗?三单加 s 了吗?
□ 大小写、标点、because 和 so 有没有连用?
经验总结:作文提分最快的路径是"背一篇范文,换三个主题"。比如你把"阅读提分"这篇背熟,考试时换成"背单词""学骑车""参加英语角"——框架、连接词、高级句全不变,只换中间的故事。这叫"一类句内化",比你自己苦思冥想写十篇都管用。
练分层练习(盖住答案先做)
基础句子翻译(6 题)
1. 就我而言,坚持很重要。(用 As far as I'm concerned)
2. 在老师的帮助下,我取得了很大进步。(用 With the help of)
3. 起初我很紧张,但后来我克服了它。(用 At first…but later)
4. 我读得越多,英语就越好。(用 the more…the more)
5. 总之,健康是最重要的。(用 In a word)
6. 我期待你的回信。(书信结尾句)
提高片段写作(4 题)
7. 用 40 词写"我学骑自行车的经历",用上 at first…but later… 和 with the help of…。
8. 把平淡句 "I like English. I read every day. I am happy." 升级成一句带连接词和 the more…the more 的高级句。
9. 写一封邮件开头两句,邀请外国朋友参加你们学校的运动会。
10. 用 First…Besides…What's more… 写三个"节约用水"的做法。
冲刺整篇作文(2 题)
11.(2026 山西真题改编)"迈出一小步,你就突破了自我。"内容包括:你眼中 small steps 是什么;你一次迈出一小步的经历;这段经历对你的影响。不少于 80 词,用三段式。
12. 假设你是李华,请给校报写一封倡议书,主题是"文明校园,从我做起",内容包括:为什么要建设文明校园、中学生能做哪些事。不少于 80 词。
答练习答案与参考范文
基础翻译:
1. As far as I'm concerned, persistence is very important.
2. With the help of my teacher, I made great progress.
3. At first I was very nervous, but later I overcame it.
4. The more I read, the better my English is.
5. In a word, health is the most important.
6. I'm looking forward to your reply.
提高:
7.(参考)At first I was afraid to ride a bike and fell off many times. With the help of my father, I practiced every weekend. Later, I could ride it by myself. How happy I was!
8.(参考)As far as I'm concerned, reading every day helps me a lot. The more I read, the better my English becomes.
9.(参考)Dear friend, I'm writing to invite you to take part in our school sports meeting. It will be held next Friday on the playground.
10.(参考)First, we can turn off the tap in time. Besides, we should reuse the water. What's more, we must not waste water.
冲刺 11(参考范文):
In my eyes, small steps mean trying little by little, even when the goal seems far away.
Once, I was weak in English and afraid to speak in class. My teacher told me to start with one sentence a day. At first, my voice shook. But day by day, I read one English sentence aloud every morning. Two months later, I could answer questions in class confidently.
This experience taught me: a small step today is a big progress tomorrow. Never look down on small steps.
(三段式、要点齐全、80 词以上、无真实校名人名)
冲刺 12(参考范文):
A civilized school makes us study and live happily, so it is important to build a civilized campus.
First, we should be polite to teachers and classmates. Second, we must keep the school clean and never litter. Besides, we should help each other when someone is in trouble. What's more, we must follow the school rules.
In a word, if everyone does a little, our school will become more and more beautiful. Let's take action from now on!
结本章总结 + 自检问题清单
全章要点(背下来):
① 山西作文三大类型:应用文(书信/邮件/通知)、记叙文(经历+感悟)、议论文(观点+理由);
② 评分四块:内容完整 5 + 语言准确 5 + 结构连贯 3 + 书写规范 2;
③ 三段式:开头点题 → 中间 2–3 个要点 → 结尾升华;
④ 开头句 As far as I'm concerned / I'm writing to…;结尾句 In a word / I'm looking forward to…;
⑤ 高级替换:good→excellent, very→quite, think→believe, happy→pleased;
⑥ 连接词:First / Besides / What's more / In a word;
⑦ 时态:书信谈看法用一般现在时,讲故事用一般过去时;
⑧ 红线:词数≥80、无真实校名人名、because 和 so 不同时用。
合上书写一遍——能答上才算真会
- 山西作文评分四块各占多少分?
- 一类文和二类文最大的差别是什么?
- 三段式每段分别写什么?
- 写出两个万能开头句和两个万能结尾句。
- 把 good、very、think 各换成一个高级词。
- because 和 so 能不能同时用?正确做法是什么?
- 写自己"去年的经历",动词用什么时态?
- 作文里能出现真实学校名吗?该用什么代替?
- 写完作文要检查哪五件事?
- 拿到作文题,前 3 分钟你该做什么?